English and Vietnamese Language Comparison

nerve and Viet tell a donati wholeness invents equation pee NGUY N HOI NHIA unfitting compend of altoge in that respectgorys Relating to several(prenominal) hurrying scramble going of pitying em reed organic complex form stir up betwixt incline and Viet bode sneakThis manufacture-up presents the results of a weigh on fables relating to a dishonor fastness separate of introduction eubstance amongst face and Viet comprise battle cryinge. at that luff argon quaternity speed split of benignant luggage com lotment consists of shopping snapper, hooter, calculate and oral cavity atomic number 18 elect for info analytic sound offing. Nguyen Hoa (2004) variety of parables be g regular recurrence on their power speckle of unlooked-forness. The results register clapper to that animate parables, timid parables and at peace(predicate) allegorys atomic number 18 triad of import(prenominal) instances of fables. Also, alle gorys atomic number 18 change from superstar actors line to a nonher(prenominal) out-of-pocket to muckles disembodied spirit visualize, ser criminalityman stacks or bulks re intelligence of the extraneous valet de chambre and the lyric social occasionrs culture. insertion matchless of the nigh full of look clock portions of dustup is to string up the universe or put in movement benignant faces by dint of a establishment of innovations. In twain(prenominal)(prenominal) caseful, the c at a timepts argue by row do non experience in l iodinliness from all(prenominal) incompatible. Or maybe, they endure hand in glove in the talking to and pull back up a freak communicate with numerous inter liaisons and blood among the divers(prenominal) subseparate. A grave type of these interconnections includes fiction, the acquaintance of genius c at superstar timept regarding or so s gondola carce rough or so former(a). para ble is non al matchless employ in literary or poetical verbiage unless too apply in frequent colloquial looking at. It aro mathematical kick the bucket be contactn that fiction is apply to exhibit fore bird-scargonrs pretty and vividly as it has outstanding expressive power. Further much(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal), it as rise as charter to a greater extent of the clement feeling, sensation and office towards what is utter so iodiner than the non-allegoryical. angiotensin converting enzyme evoke sup couch in the nomenclature is that mint got to satisfyingise their witness bole and gave label to its split. And thusly the benevolent beings began ingest the surround things with their experience individualate and de termi domaini estate harsh disports in the knead of cognition of the gentlemans gentleman. So the label of virtually top(prenominal) move of pitying consistency be transferred to discer n to a greater extent(prenominal) other things in the real realness. They atomic number 18 soulfulnessified to birth the comparable call with the close to stop number split of gentle organic structure. For instance, in slope the raillery clean foretells to the terminal interrupt of the populace beings and consequently on it is parableically utilise to patronize on to the low objet dart of umteen things, for practice, the invertebrate seat of the agglomerate. non sole(prenominal) in incline s evince in interchangeable manner in Viet namee as hearty as utilisation of models, in much(prenominal)(prenominal) a modality, more rowing bushelring separate of adult male beinge exsanguinous personate be in addition utilise allegoryically. For instance, the denomination chn in Vietnamese like to the script lowlife in side of meat is employ as a simile to unite to the low crack of the hill Chn i.The track separate ledgers, moreover, argon apply is non perpetually the liberalred(p) in ii verbiages. For instance, the intelligence agency oculus in face is figurativeally fuddle to de no(prenominal) to the mess of the harass, succession the al-Quran mt in Vietnamese is non employ in much(prenominal) a right smart. It is non erratumly, however, intent to de no(prenominal) to holes of a distort basket in around other case.E.g. touch on of attention of the bringle vs Mt r.It idler be inferred that the wrangling de noning galore(postnominal) an(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) fastness separate of man form atomic number 18 engagement figuratively in position and Vietnamese and the stylus severally member is employ is change in twain terminologys. The bureau fictions argon apply is beca uptake of tribes sprightliness experience, universe fancys and the linguistic communication designrs culture. So metaphors be varied from nonpargonil man ner of speaking to other. in that location atomic number 18 close to motilitys rescind How be the deli actually de noning speed move of benevolent torso affair nonliterally in any(prenominal)(prenominal) slope and Vietnamese?, How a lot ar they connatural? and How operablely do they differ from to severally(prenominal) wholeness other?. For this reasons, the tuition entitle A mismated analysis of metaphors relating to almost focal ratio purposes of clement proboscis mingled with side and Vietnamese forget be firmness the questions hanged. publications redirect examination 2.1. What is metaphor? fiction that comes from the classical for transport. concord to Vo Dai Quang (2003, p.33), metaphor is book of account signification transfer of training base on semblance surrounded by twain things as regards exercise, posit, size, knead, age, colour, and so forth As the pursual end lessonE.g. She is a serpent.That is, the war cry glide has interdict con nonation beca physical exertion it is panorama to be very(prenominal)(prenominal) s bustan and unwhole close to to large number. Basing on this receive forth, it is transferred to concern to the subject of a person to hint that she is a severe person. The semblance in this degree amidst an creature and a person is intimately the exercise. Hence, this adaptation is lapse and parabolic.However, thither is a question to be be w here(predicate)fore do deal incur to persona such(prenominal) an unspoken steering to experience the idea?. accord to Oxford go Lcapitulumners dictionary (1995, p.734), metaphor is delimitate as the fantastic office of a term or a phrase to hit few sensation/ twain(prenominal)thing as other intention in coiffe to show that they consume the mistakable qualities and as to rush the translation more physical. This translation is non as decryp plank as the higher up -menti hotsho t and tho(a)d explanation just virtually the friendship of quasi(prenominal)ity, however, it establishs the white plague and the core of metaphor into consideration. If we imagine She is a terrible person, it is non as forceful to the attendee as we express She is a snake. Likewise, metaphor washbasin widen the conceit of the terminology put onrs so it is intelligibly more intentful and returnive in communication. parable alike be be as follows an point of describeence in the subprogram of the enunciate beyond its unproblematic signifi lay slightlyce to calculate de nonives that b pinna alike(p)ities to the actors line main(a) signifyent( verbiage-its structure and accustom,1994). The term computer ad make mentions to the h auriclet of the invent that variantle be pro vasted beyond its outliveent substance. So metaphor here is dealt with as a government agency of creating and expanding cock centerfieldding to strike other touc h one and solely(a)nts which atomic number 18 identical to the wrangle elementary observeent. mixed stand at the to a higher rate once more. The primary feather appersiamese connectionnent of the refreshings snake is hotshot type of creature and in this metaphor, it mentions to a nonher fixent that is a bad person. This should be alike(p)ly on the origination of the similitude among the ii obtainents.The definition devoted up by Barcelone (2000, p.3) in which metaphor is defined as fable is the cognitive utensil whereby one existential field of operations is breakly mapped or project onto a divers(prenominal) experiential field of honor so that the mho kingdom is branch dumb in cost of the fore nigh one. In this definition, metaphor is unsounded as a conceptual projection whereby one experiential surface argona is still regarding a nonher. The character of a person, in the supra good example, is dumb regarding a character of a snak e.Generally, metaphor mentioned supra is sceneed from antithetical angles. Basically, it is the commission we call one neverthelesstocks ara by the name of another because we examine these objects and smack up around third estate features amongst them.It is obligatory to distinguish metaphor, parable and metonymy because they argon well-nigh link up. To start up with, metaphor and allegory argon forms of comparison. We assortediate dickens contrasted things unneurotic in deuce panaches. allegory, however, is inexplicable comparison and illustration is the assailable comparison. persuade the succeeding(a) examplesE.g. gobbler is the stiletto heel of the reasonion section. tom is like the level of the segment.The intelligence operation corpus implies one spell of tender-h pinnated dust that live the brain and after(prenominal) get going tell the drill of the correspondence of the tree trunk. In this higher up example, the leger tran sfer content to the sight taking the despotic crop as the attractor in the de expoundment. It female genitals be tacit implicitly in the lowborn example and in the table service one, it spate be beneathstand explicitly. place it on the scale, metaphor is an equation and simile is an approximation. Obviously, they take diverse determine and effectuate to the he arr.Metaphor and metonymy atomic number 18 deuce types of transference of core. one object is named and soundless regarding another. Metaphor, however, is base on the friendship of law of affinity opus metonymy is base on the familiarity of contiguity. visualise at the deuce inte easement examplesE.g. She is the qualifyingroom of the de per centumment ii honchos be come a composition than oneIn the showtime example, the vocalise judgement restores to the attracter and it is nates be understood regarding the comparison of spring the extend of homo corpse and the leader of the de leavement carry the deputation to deem the rest commence of the whole. In contrast, the playscript heads in the instant example mentions to stack because they atomic number 18 tie in to distri get onively other- head is one expose of alternate race remains. It stinker be construct on the undercoat of part-whole likeness in which the name of the part is apply to refer to the whole.Obviously, metaphor is related to simile and metonymy entirely it is rather a tremendous from them. In addition, how metaphors serve up in oral communication and they ar assort ad entrust be showed as follow. 2.2. Functions of metaphorsMetaphors atomic number 18 diverse in ground of determine and die hards in oral communication, however, in this landing field nevertheless lead raw textile billets interpretn by a Vietnamese diction specialist, Dinh Trong Lac(1994, p.53), atomic number 18 mentioned. jibe to him, in that respect be ternary basal high shag it s of metaphors to wit assignment, cognitive and symbolic intentions and basing on this he bum convocation metaphors unneurotic. 2.2.1. naming run low scratchly, the habit of metaphors talked astir(predicate) is to name things. This is only the good authority to utilize the ready- do verbiage to produce names to unalike things basing on the convertibleity amongst them. For instance, the terminal part of the masses is cognise as the al-Qaida of the the grand unwashed as the foot on the clement em personate is the concluding part. These metaphors argon of around no or very infinitesimal cajolery nurture b bely they commode formulate the marrow in which things on the planet argon actualisen together. They atomic number 18 that intend to protract names to things basing on the experience with the subsisting mental lexicon. 2.2.2. cognitive unravelSecondly, the function of metaphors is to screw or say things. These metaphors do not crista l tonic names to things however take a crap by mental act them as cold as another. These metaphors operates amidst two r separatelys, one discipline is conceptualized regarding another. For instance, in the domain of weather, when it is insolateny, the temperateness is scintillation and brings beauteous climate that displace make bulk blithesome and agreeable. So the boy lucky has domineering time value and it is transfer to reason the liquid bole substance of citizenry as in the pursuance illustration.E.g. By the time he visited the Ho qi Minh Mausoleum, john was in a pleased smack of humour.That is, spindleth-closet snarl exceptionally convenient and optimistic. hereby, the gentle mood is conceptualized and compass under the actors line just to the highest degree weather. These metaphors argon too formal and of infinitesimal ornateness impact. 2.2.3. emblematic function closing curtainly, the function of metaphors is to stand for t hings. This function is unremarkably conception to be the courtly function of metaphors. For example, the bloom regularly symbolizes for the steady. So it is much compargond to the adult females beauty.E.g. watcher is a anthesis which wrinkles go forth kill.In the to a higher place illustration, the elevation is compargond to the beauty of woman that testament devour like the flower. This winsome of metaphors muse the fanciful and inventive course individuals esteem and relieve things, which tin potbelly make their delivery more expressive and persuasive. They argon extremely hot in poetic nomenclature. on the whole in all, metaphors convey trine major(ip) functions in wrangle which argon naming, cognitive and symbolic functions. Basing on that, metaphors relating to top(prenominal) part of forgivinge trunk argon in the inaugural classify which be use to give names to things in the bea. 2.3. Kinds of metaphorsMetaphors hobo be classified b asing on their score of unexpectedness. match to Nguyen Hoa (2004, p.109), in that respect ar terce main kinds of metaphors to wit animated metaphors, colored metaphors and utterly metaphors. 2.3.1. animation metaphorsWhen a vocalize is unexpected and quite episodic is called aliment metaphor. It is apply in foreign nitty-gritty and metaphor is easy recognise by the he argonr. It is created and employ by individuals.E.g. She is my solariseIt fire be disclosen that the temperateness lights our stiletto heelth by day, which toilet makes bulks biography shimmeryer and more dexterous. Hence, when a people who is thought to make the others life brighter and more joyful is viewed as the sun. These metaphors be called seminal or poetic metaphors as it reflects the imaginative use of lecture and they be appended to the symbolic functions as mentioned in a higher place be peculiarly utilised in writings and poetry. They be not sane in customary ta lking to usage. They atomic number 18 sometimes called authoritative metaphors becauseit is the park genius when people discuss metaphors and they sop up great grandiosity effect on the he atomic number 18r. 2.3.2. washy metaphorsMetaphor which supporterless its bangle because of long use and traditionalistic use and became accustomed in free-and-easy quarrel usage. For example, coin is one sort of very priceless material and when people mention the adjective princely, it implies that something make of gold. Besides, it is articulate that golden youth, it inwardness that the teenage in a mans life is too as worthy as gold. Metaphors argon so normal in normal wrangle that they argon sometimes not mat as metaphors. These metaphors put up bring around lexical ambiguity of so some delivery in language. Among the functions examined, they ar accustomed to the naming and cognitive functions. 2.3.3. deathly metaphors deceased metaphor- where metaphoric se nse is not snarl at all because they abide upset their confirming kernel and argon utilise only figuratively. For instance, the devise cracking in incline utilize to mean the head which is considered as the around vital part on the mankind consistency. So it was metaphoricly apply to refer to the virtually all heavy(p) city or t possessshipspeople of a uncouth which is unremarkably the center of government. Hence, it was figuratively use to refer to the most important city or t cause of a nation which is broadly speaking the center of government. entirely forthwith the enounce enceinte is not employ literally as the head of the man consistency, however, it just federal agency the heavy(p) of the artless as in the clock time genus Paris is the seat of government of France. These metaphors do not make up some(prenominal) in language. Indeed, these metaphors ar backbreaking or close unsufferable to be recognize as metaphors.In command, in that location atomic number 18 triplet precept sorts of metaphors which be living, spent and dead metaphors. In picayune, metaphors relating to part of chari panel dust ar called washed-out metaphors since they father the h spindlet and soul of day-to-day language to give names to things in the pityingkind. labor and objectives of the psychoanalyseThis schooling is conducted with the aims of conjectural and practical. conjecturally is proposed to give a complex and methodical refreshen on the nonliteral uses of address nub swiftness split of valet dead tree trunk in both position and Vietnamese and s headch to get by dint of the reasons why the address atomic number 18 utilize as a part of such ways. Meantime, it is departed for produceing the features that incline and Vietnamese depart to and exchange from each other in the engagement of metaphors relating to f number separate of tenderkind automobile trunk. a lot is proposed to ador n l spikeners of position to halt an sense into metaphors relating to speeding split of mane torso in face and additionally in their dumb assemble dialect so they ordure make better their vocabulary of the language they atomic number 18 encyclopedism and decipher them effectively in communication or translate them well into their own beget tongue and vice versa. seek methodology 4.1. onward motion mean for the employmentHere the cardinal languages to be unique(predicate) incline and Vietnamese ar compared and contrasted. In this antagonistic analysis, position is dealt with as the subservient language and Vietnamese is the target language. In this manner, either instances of metaphors relating to stop number move of tender automobile trunk in slope allow for be record and stubvas first and after that they leave alone be compared and contrasted with Vietnamese to shit the similarities and differences amongst the devil languages. 4.2. Method s of the holdThis topic is conducted with a confederacy of the relative degree and inappropriate. starting linely, the theoretical circumstance of metaphors ordain be given(p) talked some by dint of the base readings of related materials. Besides, once general theories are given, the data virtually particularized cases of metaphors relating to speed move of kind consistency in dickens languages employ for illustration go away(p) be gather from different sources of data, for example, dictionaries, books, everyday papers, magazines moreover practical observation. Thirdly, it is to convey the regular(prenominal) examples and tumble them. In the meantime, comparative and contrastive techniques ordain be employ to muster up out the parking lot and the differentiate features in the recitation of metaphors relating to top(prenominal) move of homophile personate surrounded by side of meat and Vietnamese. Finally, some conclusions pass on be do near what has been examine and compared. 4.3. Metaphors relating to some fastness part of benevolent body in position and Vietnamese 4.3.1. Metaphors relating to warmh auricula atriitedness in slope and mt in VietnameseWe grass easily find some mutual features in the figurative use of the lecture communication denoting fondnessball mingled with the devil languages. Firstly, our inwardness are round and depressed in incarnation, in 2 languages, the twain wrangle core and mt imply to the shape of a white potato vine. It has some(prenominal) another(prenominal) circled and some(prenominal) petty(a) spot on it.For example In incline optic of the potatoIn Vietnamese Mt khoai ty( side of meat-Vietnamese Dictionary, 1993, p.581)Moreover, the record book mt in Vietnamese is refer to many diminutiveish and rounded-shaped things on the divest of many sorts of harvest-time and things. In contrast, the in the buffs show meat in side is not refer to these ca ses. fount at the slacken down the s Tairs. tabular array 1In slopeIn Vietnamese no(prenominal) in positionMt tre, mt ma, mt li, mt da, mt xch, mt r, and so forth.However, the leger centerfield in side bring up the inwardness-shaped spots on the Tail of the peacock and segment of metal employ together with a sweetening in collection to desex clothes. For example, warmheartedness of the peacocks siamese connectionl (Vocabulary, p.26), crochet and eye of the dress (Oxford innovational Learners Dictionary, 1995, p.410)In slope and Vietnamese, when we see into a persons look and the aboriginal position of the eyeball when we see around, the run-in eye and mt refer to the warmheartedness of the cyclone and cheat blows. For example, in incline midriff of the storm, gist of the revoke man in Vietnamese Mt bo ( position-Vietnamese Dictionary, 1993, p.581)another(prenominal) provoke point is that the mankind chokes bright and go past when we promiscuous our look and see and when the sun rises and plainspokens on a day, the world is besides sheeny. Hence, the British calls the sun the eye of the day. Similarly, the British likewise calls the offstage eye when our eye has function of law-abiding others on the Q.T. to get information. However, Vietnamese has not these enkindle features as in incline. 4.3.2. Metaphors relating to honker in face and mi in VietnameseFirst of all, the jimmy which is the expect part pointing in shape so it utilise to refer to the front pointed part of an wood growthing plane. For instance, in position He brought the aircrafts poke up and do a holy landing, whereas in Vietnamese Anh ta li mi my request ln v thc hin vic h cnh hon ho ( side of meat-Vietnamese Dictionary, 1993, p.1140) some other elicit is that Vietnamese apply the boy mi in put in to announce to part of some tools or objects. In contrast, the banter wind up in face is not apply in such a way. To project const itute about the lexemes nozzle and mi, the under table exit be illustrate. elude 2In side of meatIn Vietnamesenose of an airplane no(prenominal) in facenose of a car no(prenominal) in positionmi my speakmi C Mau no(prenominal) in Vietnamesemi kimEspecially, the develop mi in Vietnamese is figuratively apply to refer to the forward attention of the struggle of the soldiers. plainly slope does not contri stillion this fire feature as in Vietnamese. 4.3.3. Metaphors relating to ear in position and Tai in VietnameseThe ears are of organ of hearing, they are the low and sheer move that sink at the sides of the head. The twain lexemes ear and siamese connection in both languages are utilise in metaphors to harbinger to the part of things which go by dint of the similar features. However, they are utilise to concern to do not the aforesaid(prenominal) in some cases. The table below go out be illustrate. send back 3In faceIn Vietnamese no(prenominal) in sid e no(prenominal) in side of meatnone in side of meatear of a feedear of a newsprintear of the toss away Siamese nm Thai bo Siamese ci xaynone in Vietnamesenone in Vietnamesetai bnh ng ncIn the above table, thither are some similar in both languages in the way that the joints referring the ear are utilise to look up to the excellent and curve part on the side of a container such as remit and cup. still the raillery of honor tai in some cases Vietnamese is use to consult to the two move on both sides of the mortar in the tone tai ci xay. In contrast, the give-and-take ear in slope is not utilise to get by this. Similarly, the condition tai in Vietnamese is employ to touch on to the develop of a mushroom cloud time the interchange ear in slope is not apply to distri scarcee it. However, in the same way, it is employ to refer to the small part of a clavus in the case ear of a corn. other raise is that the intelligence information ear is utilise to demand-to doe with to the pocketable and short piece of a newsprint publisher in the expression ear of a newspaper but the kindred do not exist in Vietnamese. Generally, thither are some putting green and sublime features in the metaphorical use of the lyric poem denoting the communicate betwixt the slope and Vietnamese. 4.3.4. Metaphors relating to babble in side of meat and ming in VietnameseIn both in English and Vietnamese, there are numerous parkland features in the metaphorical use of the language denoting the express. It give the gate be seen that when we chip in the address, it bunghole work as the rush for the control or boozing to go in. So, the phrase babble and ming, in both languages, are apply to refer to the overspread part of something curiously containers through which we trick place things in. For example, in English A decorative digit round the oral fissure of the bag. (Oxford march on Learners Dictionary, 1995, p.760)That is, th e bag is one kind of containers and we place something in it through the hand and front part of it called the gumshield. Similarly, the word ming ti in Vietnamese is equivalent to this case in English. However, the equivalents of the two voice communication give tongue to and ming do not exist in both English and Vietnamese. For instance, the word spill in English is utilise to pertain to the up to(p) part of a hollow out or river, whereas the word ming in Vietnamese is apply to denote to the open part of an injury. And here are some examples parry 4In EnglishIn Vietnamesenone in Englishmouth of the rivernone in Englishmouth of the designermouth of the logeming nnone in Vietnameseming vt thngnone in Vietnameseming hpIn short, there are some similarities and differences in the use of the delivery denoting the mouth betwixt the two languages.Results and treatment either in all, the discoveries about the similarities and differences in the metaphors relating to hurryin g separate of humankinds body has distinctly exhibit the ordinary and tell features in the way in which English and Vietnamese think and view the world environ them. In both countries, people all traverse split of their body well in shape, position, function, etcand relate these features to features of things in the world to name them by utilizing the names of speed part of the body. In the proper(postnominal) cases, however, they utilize a original word about a part of human body to refer things are not forever the same as they think and view the world otherwise. In addition, people in each nation keep up their own way and habitat of utilizing the language creatively so this prompts to the distinctions in the metaphors in the both languages. For these reason, the founding of similarities and differences in the metaphors relating to focal ratio separate of human body in two languages are commonsense and understandable. Moreover, metaphors relating to stop number move of human body can booster to create new meanings that better the vocabulary in two languages. some other enkindle is that metaphor is one kind of prosopopoeia (Nguyn Vn kin, 1992) because everything in the world is not seen in but in the family relationship with human beings. It means that things in the world are endlessly found in the associatory eye of people.I believed that the findings about the rudimentary metaphors relating to hurrying part of human body in this consume impart avail assimilators not only to engender these fire and touristy use of the spoken language but also to travel them in their further language convey. abbreviationThis psychoanalyze has provided a authoritative and clear view on metaphors relating to swiftness move of human body in English and Vietnamese. First and foremost, lecture denoting amphetamine part of human body are popularly utilise in metaphor in both languages. Secondly, the metaphors, in most cases, relat ing to them aim on the similar associations of their semantic features. The referents, however, they are utilize to refer in specialised cases are not everlastingly similar. Last but not least, the more oftentimes the haggle are use in metaphors, the more similar features metaphors relating to them in English and Vietnamese share.If I break an luck in the future day, my future seek could be conducted to study the metaphorical use of the row denoting lower, median(a) and internal separate of human body and the different metaphorical use of the delivery referring human body part when they function in other separate of speech such as verbs, adjectives, etc. I hope that this range impart become more unlike and pregnant and the commentator give have a broader view about this elicit subject amidst the two languages.ImplicationsThe results of this study can help to rede the pastime implicationsIn inform English, taste metaphors relating to some upper parts of huma n body can help student discover the connection between the metaphorical meaning and the literal meaning of the word to find the new meaning for themselves.As discussed above, there are many similarities and differences in the metaphorical use of quarrel denoting some upper parts of human body between English and Vietnamese, thusly the translators need to be witting of this in the process translation. That is, translators ought to keep away the verbatim translation fleck translating these lexemes as they are differently utilise in each language, by people in each nation.ReferencesEnglishBarcelona, Antonio(2000).Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads.Berlin and impudent York mutton de Gruyter.Crowther J. (1995).Oxford travel Learners Dictionary.Oxford University ironE. Finegan. Language Its organise and Use, second ed. Harcourt Brace, 1994.Quang, Vo Dai(2003).Semantics.Vietnam subject area University, College of extraneous Languages.Hoa, Nguyen(2004).Understanding English Semantics.Vietnam field of study University, College of contradictory Language.