Fundamental Obstacles to Effectiveness Within the Intelligence Community

Instructions to Write an Exploratory Essay on Cultural Capital An exploratory article is a type of paper that generally discusses a thought or only answers an inquiry. On the off chance that you have been doled out with an exposition on social capital, you might need to observe the accompanying tips to be sure that you are composing it in a right manner: Break the Essay into 3 Distinguishable Portions An exposition must have three sections: a presentation, a body and a nearby/end. In the event that each segment isn't discernable, the peruser might be befuddled when they are finished perusing your exposition. Try not to Beat about the Bush Understudies regularly will in general express the self-evident, a type of filler words that unquestionably don't trick the instructor. On the off chance that an inquiry is to be replied in the exploratory paper, ensure that you answer it in the principal sentence. Test exposition question: Do you feel that social capital can be procured at home? An awful answer: Many individuals talk about whether social capital can be procured through cognizant exertion. A smart response: Yes, I accept that social capital can be accomplished through cognizant exertion. Try not to Try to Sound excessively Smart In some cases, understudies make a decent attempt to intrigue their instructor, turning to utilizing large and strong words that in the end have less rhyme or reason and put the peruser to bed. Test exposition question: Does social capital fluctuate in various social classes? An awful answer: according to bountiful measures of studies did by epicureans, social capital supposedly is at whimsical levels in different social classes. A smart response: according to studies and studies completed by specialists, it appears that different social classes have a fluctuating level of social capital. Make certain to Back up the Statements That You Make Since an exploratory article is tied in with doing your examination and coming to your meaningful conclusion, you have to support the peruser/educator see how you came to fruition to offer the expressions that you did. A terrible model: Cultural capital is associated with sports since it is likewise associated with body the board. A genuine model: A typical case of social capital is in self-introduction. Body the executives through games is an immediate association with self-introduction, which is the reason I accept that social capital and sports are additionally associated with each other. Try not to Assume That Your Reader Knows Everything It is your teacher’s employment to see the amount you have comprehended about the exploratory subject that has been given to you. Try not to reach the resolution that your instructor gained all the information about the theme in advance. An awful model: As we as a whole know, social capital influences the instruction got by understudies. A genuine model: Cultural capital is earned through partaking in extracurricular exercises. Consequently, the more understudies enjoy these exercises, the better they can act in various fields of instruction. Thus, social capital legitimately influences the instruction get by understudies. Reexamine When you are finished composing your paper, edit your exposition. Investigate your own work and make sense of which segments may require some altering. All things considered, presenting your best work is urgent. We trust this gives you a couple of good thoughts to manufacture your paper upon. Don’t neglect to check our 12 realities about social capital just as our 20 themes sponsored up by an example article.

Reflective essay -Counselling session Essay

In this intelligent exposition I will give an examination of the guiding meeting I directed and recorded. This will incorporate a synopsis of the meeting. I will likewise depict the small scale and propelled directing aptitudes utalised, just as a basic assessment of their adequacy. A conversation of my utilization of these aptitudes, just as zones of conceivable improvement will bolstered by reference to applicable writing. Outline of the meeting. Leesa is a 37-year-elderly person who I have seen around four months beforehand. At the past meeting Leesa talked about her dissatisfactions at work and of her expectations of making sure about an advancement. Leesa’s introduction was one of dormancy predictable with somebody who was enduring sentiments of misery. I started the meeting by inviting the customer and helping her to remember the privacy understanding. Leesa had recently worked in the accommodation business yet disclosed that had chosen to fire her work in the wake of being disregarded for an advancement. She additionally clarified that she had felt an absence of reasonableness and regard from her manager and individual workers. Since leaving her situation in cordiality Leesa had looked for work through an organization that gives office work openings. Leesa clarified that she had four distinct employments in the previous three months and that she was encountering a comparative sentiment of being affronted. Leesa talked about encountering an absence of self-assurance right now and a sentiment of being stuck just as dissatisfaction and vulnerability around her future course. Anyway the customer had the option to recognize that she might want to be all the more monetarily secure, feel regarded at work and to accomplish a more noteworthy feeling of certainty. Leesa talked about when she making the most of her work and private life more, and had the option to relate a portion of the key contrasts that added to her inclination progressively regarded and certain about general. The customer distinguished that she might want to look for elective work that permitted her to assume on grater liability and that included less travel. Leesa accepted that her business organization might have the option to help her, however conceded that she had not been observing about the sorts of jobs that she took as of late due to herâ financial circumstance. She likewise unveiled that she had been separating because of her present perspective. Acknowledging a schoolwork demand Leesa consented to move toward certain companions to check whether she could find them at the following end of the week. She likewise consented to incorporate a rundown of the sorts of occupations that she believed she was equipped for and accepted that she could accomplish a more noteworthy sentiment of duty and regard. Leesa said that she would move toward her work office to check whether they could help, and that she would carry her rundown to the following directing meeting. Guiding aptitudes application. Reflecting upon the guiding meeting obviously I utalised a scope of conversational small scale abilities. Going to Behaivour Hackney and Cormier (2009) and McLeod (2007), clarify that an instructor leads by following the customer, which is finished by urging the customer to recount to their story utilizing verbal and non-verbal encouragers. Another approach to clarify going to that it permits the customer to keep chatting with insignificant interference (Armstrong, 2006). When watching the recorded meeting I could watch various events where instances of going to behaivour are available. For instance my stance was loose and I leant forward. My manner of speaking was moderate and predictable, and I kept in touch. I continually gestured my head and help â€Å"mm gee or, gracious really†. This blend of abilities passed on that I was intrigued and compassionate to what the customer was stating. Likewise Egan (2010) portrays a powerful rule for transforming into customers as spoke to by an abbreviation: SOLER, which is significant in the start of any advising meeting. This implies; S †face the customer solidly O †keep up open stance L †lean towards the other E †great eye to eye connection R †loose and common in these practices Negligible reactions. All through the meeting I utilized a scope of negligible reactions that let the customer realize that I was intrigued and occupied with what she needed to state. It additionally passed on that I was sympathetic towards her circumstance. Geldard and Geldard (2009) clarify that negligible reactions not just pass on that the instructor is tuning in, they can likewise be utilized to pass on a message, for example, shock, understanding or even to challenge what has been said. The importance of these negligible reactions is additionally impacted incredibly upon the conveyance of them. Manner of speaking, outward appearance, stance and eye development all assistance to decide the manner by which these messages are gotten. A case of a negligible reaction I made that passed on compassion would have been; the point at which the customer was depicting her sentiments of not being regarded in her work environment and I reacted by saying: â€Å"sounds horrible†. This short reaction didn't i nterfere with the progression of discussion, and urged the customer to proceed. My manner of speaking and outward appearances were additionally compatible with somebody who identified was keen on what was being said. Intelligent Listening. Summing up, summarizing and impression of sentiments are for the most part instances of advising smaller scale aptitudes that let the customer realize that the instructor is tuning in and understanding them effectively. Despite the fact that it is critical to attempt to react precisely it isn't basic as an off base reaction can urge the customer to reexamine what they have said and afterward explain it, potentially bringing about a superior comprehension for the two gatherings. Geldard and Geldard (2009) clarify that these reflections additionally fill in as extending the helpful relationship. What's more, that the most imperative to be: â€Å" truly yourself and plan to make a genuine, believing, caring sympathetic relationship with the individual looking for help.† Examples of when I utalised intelligent listening methods would include: When the customer had clarified the reasons why she had left her past work, I reflected back by saying: â€Å" So you’ve left there you weren’t content with that activity, you had an inclination that you were unjustifiably treated, is that..?† Another model would have been after the customer had clarified that she had encountered various negative business circumstances inside a brief timeframe. I reflected back: â€Å" Would I be on the whole correct to recommend that maybe you are feeling somewhat stuck, you’re not so much sure what you are doing? †. Addressing Techniques and Advanced Advising Skills. During the meeting I utilized a scope of open and shut inquiries. I opened the meeting by alluding back to the subject of her challenges at work canvassed in the past meeting and afterward asked: â€Å" How has that been going?† Later I asked the customer: â€Å"Can you disclose to me somewhat more about the circumstance, what was happening for you?† Overall I was content with the blend of open and shut inquiries. It felt like I was getting the data I required, without intruding on the customer. The guiding methodology I utilized was arrangement centered. I attempted to structure the meeting considering Egan’s ‘Three Stage Model’. Egan (2010) gives an organized and arrangement centered methodology that can be broken into 3 significant areas. The underlying piece of the meeting saw me pose a scope of inquiries intended to find out ‘what was going on?’ For the following segment: ‘What do I need instead?’ I utilized a scope of addressing procedures. For instance: ‘scaling questions’. At a point in the meeting it had been recognized that the customer had gotten stuck and was uncertain of what heading to take because of a progression of negative encounters at work. The customer had concurred that an example had developed she felt slighted at work. Now I additionally felt somewhat stuck. It felt as though I ought to investigate this as a subject and attempt to assist the customer with identifying her vulnerable sides. Anyway I additionally felt like it may be counterproductive to challenge the customer at that stage, as she seemed to have a low mental self view. At that point, albeit dubious it felt somewhat risky to inspect her job in the circumstance. So as to initially set up that the customers confidence was low, and to then assistance her to recognize what might need to change for her to feel better I solicited her to rate her level from confidence, or certainty on a size of one-to-ten. Her reaction was a three. This methodology was helpful in setting up that the customer was miserable and felt stuck in her circumstance, and accordingly furnished a stage to work with. Anyway it was not effective in helping the customer to distinguish ‘what she needs instead’ (Egan 2010). I was uncertain now as to climate the customer was really dubious of what she might want to change or in the event that she was hesitant to state. It was this inclination that drove me to self-uncover. This allowed me the chance to communicate sympathy in a roundabout way and to enable the customer to feel like the relationship was equivalent. Geldard and Geldard (2009). It was likewise usefulâ in explaining that she felt disappointment and not the uneasiness that was available in my exposure. With an end goal to move to Egan’s second stage I decided to solicit a variety from the ‘miracle question’. De Jong and Berg (2008), recommend that the marvel question permits the customer a chance to step out of their present circumstance for a second and think about something better (as refered to in Corey 2013). Despite the fact that the client’s r eaction was not prompt she could recognize that she needed â€Å"to be all the more monetarily steady, to have more certainty, and to be respected.† I at that point asked the customer â€Å" Has there ever been a period in your working like, that you can recall where you felt regarded and glad at work?† This inquiry had a practically quick positive

Blog Archive Cornell University (Johnson) Essay Analysis, 20122013

Blog Archive Cornell University (Johnson) Essay Analysis, 2012â€"2013 Johnson at Cornell University has made some changes to its application essay questions this year, most notably making its unique and often befuddling “table of contents” essay prompt one of three options rather than a required, standalone one. Cornell is actually bucking the trend set by other programs this season and has increased its total word count from 1,000 to 1,100. Still, 1,100 words for three essays is not a lot, so you will need to think quite carefully about what you want to say to the admissions committee before you start typing. Part I: Career Choice Essay (300 word maximum) How would you characterize your career since college? Cornell provides the following advice for this essay: “This is not your job description or complete history of your work since graduating (we already ask for that in the online portion and can see this on your resume). You need to choose the most important elements that show your initiative, contribution, leadership and results achieved.” Although additional guidance from the school is always welcome, what does this advice really mean? It means that the school does not want you to provide just a list of accomplishments and would prefer a more narrative description of your career thus far. The admissions committee wants to understand how you have accomplished what you have accomplished in your career and how and why you have made certain choices along the way. If you are deep into your career at this point, you should not feel that you have to address every single position you have held since college in this essay. And if you are just starting your career, you are not at a disadvantageâ€"just write about how you have managed your career to date. In fact, “career management” is really at the core of this essay. You would be best served by taking a look back and assessing the way in which you have managed yourself, how you have created opportunities, overcome setbacks, made choices and transitions, won small mandates, etc. You need to tell the story of your career and your evolution, showing that you have discovered purpose and leading to your decision to pursue an MBA. That written, you do not need to explicitly write about how you are now prepared to earn your MBA. If this point flows naturally and briefly from your narrative, that is acceptable, but given that you have only 300 words for this entire essay, you should not dedicate a si gnificant chunk of this total to detailing your need for an MBA. At the same time, note that many candidates make the mistake of ending their essay with a single trite sentence like “And all of this has led me to my MBA.” Avoid such an ending at all costs. Part II: Career Goal Essay (400 word maximum) Tell us about your short and long term career goals. Cornell advises candidates, “Good essays will emphasize what an applicant wants to do while at Johnson and how you will use this experience to accomplish your goal.” We highlight this statement because the school’s essay question does not ask for any Cornell-specific information, even though the school obviously expects it, based on its accompanying advice. So, be sure that you address your goals, of course, but also “why Cornell,” even though this is not directly requested! Because Personal Statements are similar from one application to the next, we have produced the mbaMission Personal Statement Guide, which helps applicants write this style of essay for any school. We offer this guide to candidates  free of charge, via our online store. Please feel free to download your copy today. Part III: Character Essay (400 word maximum for chosen question), please choose one of the following to write about: a.  You are the author for the book of Your Life Story. Please write the table of contents for the book. Note: Approach this essay with your unique style. We value creativity and authenticity. Many applicants are likely thankful that this essay prompt is now a choice rather than a requirement. Creative essays can be quite challenging, so you should only choose to respond to this prompt if you are truly ready and able to meet that challenge. Can you find a way to create a table of contents that reveals a great deal about your life in an interesting manner? This essay prompt is open-ended, which means that you can delve into many different aspects of your life, rather than discussing one specific situation, so be certain that you have a lot to say about yourself and your lifeâ€"and that the admissions committee would benefit from this information! The admissions committee says that it “value[s] creativity and authenticity.” With that in mind, we would like to stress that candidates do  not  need to order their chapters chronologically, nor must they just cover their lives to date. Applicants may have interesting family histories or strong visions for the future, and incorporating these kinds of elements into their table of contents could convey an even greater sense of their personality. Other possible options include organizing the table of contents thematically and breaking the hypothetical book down into parts/sections. As the cliché goes, the only limit is your imagination. If this option intrigues you, we recommend that you head to your local bookstore or “leaf” through your Kindle for some potential inspiration. b.  Describe a situation taken from your personal or professional life where you failed and tell us what you learned. We suspect that many candidates will avoid this question, feeling reluctant to volunteer a failure, because they believe that doing so might negatively influence the admissions committee’s perception of them. We can assure you, however, that the admissions committee is not trying to set you up. The school is not asking a question designed to trick you into revealing negative information that it can then use to disqualify you. If you feel that you have a story about a failureâ€"possibly an ambitious failureâ€"from which you learned a great deal, you should not be reticent. Redemption is an inspiring theme. The key to writing an effective failure story is leading the reader to an exciting moment and then letting the story fall off the cliff, so to speak. In short, if you write an essay in response to this prompt, definitely do not try to “reduce” the failure you are describing. You need to create optimism in your reader and then find a way for your reader to really live and experience the disappointment with you. Lastly, you need to show that you are capable of reflection and can critique your past actions in such a way as to help you improve for the future. c.  What does diversity mean to you and how will you contribute to the diversity of our community at Johnson? If you are going to respond to this question, you should have some experience promoting diversity. If you have never done so before, you will likely have difficulty credibly showing that you can contribute to the school’s diversity the way the admissions committee craves. Diversity need not be understood as solely an issue of ethnicity, gender or nationality, thoughâ€"after all, the school asks you to provide your own definition of diversity. If you can truly exhibit professional or extracurricular diversity and can discuss some distinct experiences within one of these realms (for example, you once ran a unique small business), this can be fair game as well. The experience you choose to describe is important, but even more important is proving that because of the experience, you can add something special to the next Cornell class. You will need to get to the heart of how meaningful the experience was/has been and clearly express how you can take what you learned or gained and apply and share it during your time at the school. Share ThisTweet 2012-2013 Cornell University (Johnson) MBA Essay Analysis

The Advancement Of Women s Sports - 964 Words

The progress towards gender equity in competitive sports hasn’t been a straightforward route. On one hand, some claim that equality cannot be achieved, attempting to use the excuse of biological differences (both psychological and physical) between the sexes. On the contrary, though, persisting stereotypes, less pay, and lack of opportunity to play still plague many women who are trying to enter the field of competitive sports. These hindrances are unfair, prejudiced, and discriminatory. They cannot--and should not--continue. Perhaps the most notable inequality in sports is the underrepresentation of women in media. According to a study carried out by the U.N., the broadcast of women’s sports covers only 2% of all sports broadcasting,†¦show more content†¦Sports are about teamwork and being able to achieve a goal, not about the way your makeup looks or which brand of clothing you wear. Moreover, in sports, women are paid less than men and face difficulty with representation and budgets. According to the Committee on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men, only 12 out of 125 members of the International Olympic Committee are women (Parliamentary Assembly, 2005). This is barely 9.6%--not even one in ten. More importantly, though, Discrimination against women is particularly perceptible in the realm of pay. Fourteen of the delegations which replied to the questionnaire said that pay, prize-money and bonuses were awarded by national authorities on the basis of athletes merits and performances. Yet the rewards granted by the federations themselves, and more particularly those offered by private sponsors (possibly motivated by a need to achieve profitability) are often left out of the statistics. The information supplied by the delegations nevertheless seems to indicate that, with a few notable exceptions, these rewards are far less for women than for men (Parliamentary Assembly, 2005). Sexism has taken place in many fields for a long time. In the job market, though, one crucial fact is that your gender cannot affect your pay. However, in sports, females still receive different wages . . . and budgets,

Software Engineering Microsofts Explorer Program

In the field of Software Engineering, students have a plethora of internships available to them. Despite having so many choices available to them, students must narrow their options to internships that will benefit them the most. Two particular Software Engineering internships that stand out among the others are Animusoft’s Software Engineering internship and Microsoft’s Explorer program. Based out of Miami, Florida, Animusoft promises students the chance to work on exciting team projects while learning about software engineering in a professional setting (Animusoft LLC). Microsoft’s Explorer program, on the other hand, is based out of Redmond, Washington and offers students the opportunity to gain experience in software development†¦show more content†¦However, Microsoft’s approach differs in that students work on their project with a group of their peers rather than employees like in Animusoft’s internship. This makes the internship serve as an enjoyable learning experience for students. Moreover, Microsoft strongly encourages students to be deeply involved in their project, as a result, students are assigned to a group by a group coordinator. Animusoft, however, assigns students their projects and expects them to work with Animusoft’s junior and senior developers. Clearly, Microsoft wants to make students feel comfortable and not overwhelm with work that they may not be ready for. Animusoft, on the other hand, aims to treat students as though they are experienced employees. While this not necessarily detrimental to students’ future success, it does show that Microsoft is a safer option for students who may not be experienced in software development. When it comes to time commitment, these internships differ in how many hours students must dedicate to their project. Specifically, Animusoft expects students to work on these projects for a minimum of 20 hours per week. In addition to this, students must be willing to contribute to their project at home and in their free time. Although, Animusoft only offers a part-time position. Therefore, students must keep in mind that they spend under 40 hours per week working on their project. While

Essay on Pregnancy and Eating Disorders - 4460 Words

Pregnancy and Eating Disorders Concerns about gaining weight and retaining a youthful figure are expressed by many pregnant women. When there has been a history of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, weight gain and body shape changes accompanying pregnancy can provoke extreme distress (Rand et al., 1987). Very little is known about the impact of pregnancy on women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Despite the fact that amenorrhea, the lack of menstruation, and infertility are common features of these syndromes, some women have been able to conceive, even at below normal body weight (Lemberg Phillips, 1989). Information is lacking in general on psychological impact on the mother-to-be as well as on the course of pregnancy†¦show more content†¦Consequently, their babies had significantly lower birth weights and lower 5-minute Apgar scores than the babies of the women who were in remission (Franko Walton, 1993). Lacey and Smith (1987) investigated the pregnancies and fetal outcomes of 20 normal-weight bulimic women in the largest study to date. Consistent with both studies by Blinder and Hagman (1984) and Namir et al. (1986), they reported a significant reduction in the eating disorder symptoms in the majority of women during the course of the pregnancy, with 75% having a complete cessation of bingeing and purging by the third trimester. Also, consistent with previous reports, the majority of women regressed in the postpartum period (Psychological Medicine, 1991). However, the authors note that a full 25% of the sample appeared to be cured of their eating disorder symptoms. Despite a significant reduction in the binge-purge behavior, the authors reported significant fetal abnormality involving a cleft pallet child, another with a cleft lip, and higher than average pregnancy complications, multiple pregnancies, and obstetric complications. Unfortunately, no information was provided on materna l weight gain or infant weights (Lemberg Phillips, 1989). Hollifield and Hobdy (1990) reported their experience with three bulimic women who became pregnant while in therapy. Although the women felt a greatShow MoreRelated Eating Disorders and Pregnancy Essay2138 Words   |  9 PagesEating Disorders and Pregnancy Pregnancy has often been viewed as a period of great developmental change for women. This is also a period in which previously dormant psychological issues rise to the surface and when current issues have the potential to worsen. Because anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa occur primarily in young women, many of whom are of childbearing age, it is important to evaluate the potential medical and psychological consequences when an eating disorderedRead MoreNegative Effects Of Rape1166 Words   |  5 Pagesrape is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Common symptoms of PTSD are having flashbacks or nightmares (â€Å"Joyful†). Victims tend to have these flashbacks and nightmares due to paranoia. Victims are usually still in shock after the incident and are scared. Some victims also tend to feel guilty, but this cam also be a long term effect. Short term psychological effects of rape can also be long term. A few of these effects are depression. Depression is à ¢â‚¬Å"a mood disorder that occurs when feelings associatedRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And The Adolescent Self Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesto a female with Anorexia Nervous (AN). Merriam-Webster.com defines Anorexia Nervous as: â€Å"a serious disorder in eating behavior primarily of young women in their teens and early twenties that is characterized especially by a pathological fear of weight gain leading to faulty eating patterns, malnutrition, and usually excessive weight loss†. Fifth-teen percent of the people with eating disorders are male which leaves ninety-five to be female (Boskind-White 219). Author, Wendy Jones also agrees withRead MoreThe Lolita Effect On Children s Health Network1275 Words   |  6 PagesIn Western society, the media hypersexualizes children from birth. However, this hypersexuality is commonly focused on girls aged eight to fifteen (Canadian Women’s Health Network). This leads to self-esteem issues, high teenage pregnancy rates, eating disorders, sex trafficking, suicidal thoughts, and actions, and what is called the â€Å"Lolita effect.† This hypersexuality also leads to violent relational abuse, and in boys, has been shown linked with violence (Keating). These all have devastating consequencesRead MorePica1443 Words   |  6 Pagespark on a marvelous day watching the kids play in the park, then it happens one kid starts eating dirt. Wondering why he’s doing it, and what’s his motive? Intrigued, I go home and research the symptoms and I come up with one word: Pica. But what exactly is Pica? Pica is a very rare disorders with an interesting history, where signs and symptoms help diagnosis the treatments for it. Pica  is a disorder in which you have an  appetite or weird craving  for things that have no nutritional valueRead MoreHealth Psychology Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent issues I have decided to talk about are eating disorders and childbirth. I will then compare the two health psychology issues in relation to their common themes and also their different. P3 Explain specific health psychology issues. Using two health psychology issues of interest to you, you should explain the specific issue in detail Eating Disorders (anorexia and bulimia) Anorexia and bulimia are caused through psychological issues. Eating disorders are known by an unusual attitude towards foodRead MorePregnant Adolescent Females Should Be Assessed For Weight853 Words   |  4 Pagestypically have poor nutrition and socioeconomic background. Due to the increased nutritional needs in pregnancy, the pregnant adolescents may be competing for nutrients with their fetus [24]. Pregnant adolescents, especially those below 15 years of age, are at a higher risk for pregnancy complications as compared to adult mothers. These risks include abnormal maternal weight gain, pregnancy-induced hypertension, anemia, lung disease, and renal disease. Their babies may also be at risk for LBWRead MoreWhat is Pica?1163 Words   |  5 Pagesconnection between abnormal low levels of dopamine in the brain and develop pica disorder. No specific understanding of biochemical disorders have been known, however, we can check for risk factors for pica some examples; I found the following: Brain damage, Parental-child psychopathology, Pregnancy, Family disorganization, Environmental deprivation, Epilepsy, Mental retardation, Pervasive developmental disorders. 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If there is an early intervention of this disorder treatment can be manageable. Scientist believe that genetic is the major cause of autism and there is a high chance of children to get autism if their sibling is already suffering from autism. Autism was discovered

Industrial Conflict at Qantas

Question: Discuss about theIndustrial Conflict at Qantas. Answer: Introduction Australian airline industry has been experiencing turbulent times, the recent one being an industrial dispute involving Qantas airlines. The Qantas Industrial disputes refer to a series of serious disputes locking several trade unions in Australia and Qantas airline. It is this grim backdrop that saw the grounding of Qantas airlines entire fleet. The disputes have its roots in the new enterprise agreements between Qantas and unions in the last quarter of 2010. A series of activities saw the Transport Workers Union (TWU) and Qantas airline go into a dispute with the former demanding that the airline provides a guarantee of improved working condition and improvement in wages. The dispute, however, gained heat following the airlines decision to launch new operations in Asia. The airlines witnessed several industrial actions which caused delays as well as disruptions to the airlines schedule. The actions saw the airline incur costs of over $ 68 million a day. Following several protected industrial actions, the dawn of October 29, 2011, ushered in a decision by the airline to lock out all the employees (including pilots and engineers). Even more shocking, the airlines CEO, Alan Joyce, announced an unprecedented and spontaneous decision to ground all the airlines domestic as well as international flights. The airline incurred huge costs, customers were left stranded as they were forced to disembark from planes, and 600 flights were canceled, among other serious results. The essay aims to analyze the industrial dispute in different angles as follows. Why dont other Airlines in Australia Experience Similar Industrial Conflict with Qantass? Although Qantas has proved itself one of the leading airline legacies in the world, it has been unable to find easy solutions to achieve trust, commitment, and high productivity among its employees unlike other airlines such as Virgin Blue. Qantass move to cut cost by outsourcing and restructuring in the light of rising fuel prices saw tension rise among the airlines staff about their pay and job security. However, other airlines in the industry seem not to experience the level of conflict witnessed in Qantas (Creedy, 2011, p. 2). First, contrary to Qantas, Virgin Blue is highly-unionized with its services being modest in comparison with Qantass. However, Virgin Blue Airlines have established a low-cost budget travel niche which has seen it gain a competitive advantage over Qantas. Being highly un-unionized, Virgin Blue has been unable to handle dispute among employees and avoid the pressure from trade unions such as Transport Workers Union (TWU). Second, other airlines such as Virgin Blue have adopted a constructive managerial culture that highly values not only the needs of its employees but also their views. The practice has resulted in increased trust and commitment among employees. Other airlines attribute the absence of industrial conflicts and disputes to their ability to establish a constructive relationship with both the labor unions and their staffs. Sam (2003) argues that unlike Qantas, other airlines such as Virgin Blue mainly aim at fostering mutuality as well as partnership coupled with staff engagement. Besides, other firms in Australian airline industry often hold quarterly briefings with the labor unions and aims at treating their employees, not as mere workers, but as a family. By treating their staff as a source of value and not a cost driver, employee commitment has increased. Marianna (2012, p. 3) argues that Virgin Blue have never retrenched its employees as unlike Qatar it views its employees as a source of value and not cost. Escalation of Commitments Evident in the Case Escalation of commitment refers to a situation in which the decision-maker is faced with increasing negative results/outcomes; however, the decision-maker displays a pattern of behavior in which rather than changing the course of action he tries to rationalize his initial decision (Russel et al., 2010, 188). The decision by Qantas airlines chief executive to ground the airline resulted in massive losses for the firm and serious inconveniences to customers who had to disembark having already booked their flights. However, when appearing before the aviation parliamentary inquiry, the airlines Chief Executive Alan Joyce did everything to justify his decision to ground the airline rather than taking remedial measures to bring a turn-around. He attributed the airlines grounding decision and resulting losses to conspiracy theories and tried to justify his decision by arguing that the there was no choice in the wake of the staff unrest. Is Alan Joyce an Individual or Group Decision Maker? Alan Joyce is undoubtedly an individual decision-maker. Analysts have criticized his unprecedented and spontaneous decision to ground the airline without the involvement of the airlines staffs and other stakeholders. Alan Joyce displayed a militant decision and ignored other stakeholders concerns and interests. However, Crowe and Kerr (2011, p.14) notes that the CEO displayed a broad move in a crisis Evidence of SWOT Analysis in Qantas Airlines Decision to Ground its Operation SWOT analysis refers to a comprehensive study that an organization undertakes with the main aim of identifying the organizations strengths and weaknesses and its external threats and opportunities. No evidence of SWOT analysis exists in the case. The companys management failed to consider the airlines internal strengths such as a strong base of loyal customers given the fact that it was one of the leading airlines in Australia. Moreover, the company failed to consider the external threat of increased competition by other airlines such as Virgin Blue coupled with the threat of decreasing customer loyalty. Even more perturbing, it is evident that the company ignored a primary internal weakness of decreased staff commitment evidenced by the industrial actions. As such, the companys Chief Executive, Alan Joyce, made a hurriedly-made decision without consideration of the SWOT analysis. The decision returned to haunt the airline (Hani and Salim, 2013, p.3). Peter (2014, p. 585) argues that if the company had made a SWOT analysis of its business situation, it would have made a different decision that would have saved the airline some of the huge costs it incurred as a consequence of its decision to ground its airlines. Type of Change Evident in the Case. The decision of the Qantass management to launch new operations in Asia thus moving away from its traditional market, North Atlantic, reflects a transformational change. Also, various aspects of transformational change are reflected in the airlines managements decision to ground its operations. Transformational change refers to organizational change that involves completely reshaping the business strategies and processes which often result in a shift in the work culture. Such changes arise as a result of the rise of unexpected market changes. The change encompasses both developmental and transitional change. In this case, the business recognizes the need to change the way it conducts its operations and make significant operation changes in response to new demand and reduced revenues or increased competition. Qantass decision to leave the Atlantic market and exploit Asian market perfectly reflects a transformational change. As evidenced in the case, transformational change is challenging for two main reasons. Given the uncertainty of the future conditions coupled with the key areas of departure between the current state and the future states, it becomes hard to manage transformational change. Such a condition is as witnessed in Qantas airline industrial conflict which result ed in industrial actions. The airlines management decision to establish Jetstar Japan as one of its low-cost carriers further reflects a transformational change (Joshua, 2015. P. 318). Is Alan Joyce a Transactional or a Transformational Leader? A transactional leader serves as the polar opposite of a transformational leader. The main focus of the leadership style adopted by a transformational leader is the maintenance of the existing/normal flow of the organizations operations. Mark and Pip (2012, p.11), describes transactional leadership as an act of keeping the ship afloat. Transactional leaders mainly use disciplinary techniques coupled with incentives to motivate their employees and improve performance by exchanging reward for performance. Further, a transactional leader mainly does not focus on the long-term and strategic goals of the organization but solely concentrates on making sure everything works smoothly currently. On the other hand, a transformational leader focuses beyond ensuring the smooth flow of daily operations to crafting new strategies for the achievement of the long-term goals of the organization. The leadership style mainly focuses on collaboration between employees, team working, and motivation at different levels of the organization. Moreover, it aims at achieving pushing their employees for higher performance through goal setting, work incentives, and chances for personal and professional growth. Although he does not display a perfect picture, Alan Joyce is arguably a transformational leader. His decision to abandon the Atlantic market and exploit the Asian market reflect a strategic move aimed not on the current operations but the long-term goals of the organization. (Andreas and Peter, 2016, p.368). Furthermore, his decision to ground the entire airlines fleet, though a militant move, reflects a transformational leader. Alan Joyce aimed at achieving the long-term goal of the organization by exploiting new markets that would expand the airlines market base. Was Alan Joyces Decision to Suddenly Ground the Airline Ethical? Ethics refers to the moral principles and guidelines that guide an individual when making a decision. It encompasses taking into consideration all the needs and interests of all the stakeholders when making a decision. It further involves the analysis of how the consequences of different courses of action will affect the involved parties. Alan Joyces action to suddenly ground the airlines entire fleet is inarguably unethical. To begin with, the abrupt suspension of all the operation caused inexplicable inconveniences to the hundreds of customers who had already booked their flights. Even more shocking is the fact that even the passengers who had already boarded the planes were immediately ordered to disembark and pick their luggage, while those planes taking for a take-off were turned around. The flights that had already taken off at the time the Alan Joyce made the announcement were grounded at their next destination (Peter et al., 2015, p. 12). Alan Joyce decision exhibited a grim betrayal to the customer loyalty and a dire inconvenience. The airlines chief executive failed to consider the consequences of his decision and the adverse impact it would have on various stakeholders. Analysts have classified this decision as the darkest decision in Australias airline history. The decision further led to the loss of over 1000 jobs. The CEO ignored the needs and interest of the two major stakeholders in the company; that is the employees and the customers. Once a company ignores its employees and customers, it is doomed to failure. Irrespective of the utter urgency of a decision in the face of the prevailing circumstances, Alan Joyce decision to ground the airline was unethical. Conclusion Following the unprecedented decision by Qantas airlines CEO Alan Joyce to suddenly ground the airlines entire fleet, the government became concerned about the imminent danger the decision posed on the Australian economy. Two days after the decision (31 October 2011), the Federal Minister in charge of Workplace Relations announced the end/termination of the industrial action and the company resumed its operations. Analysts, however, remain divided, on the prudence of Alan Joyces decision to abruptly ground Qantass entire fleet inconveniencing thousands of customers. References Andreas, P.K., and Peter, G., 2016. 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