Factors That Affect Velocity Essay Example

Factors That Affect Velocity Essay Example Factors That Affect Velocity Essay Factors That Affect Velocity Essay Aim: The aim of this experiment is to see how velocity is affected by the height of the plane (angle) and the distance travelled.Hypothesis:I predict that as the height of the plane increases, the velocity of the dynamic trolley will also increase. This is because: mgh = 1/2mvà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½* m = mass (in kilograms)* g = gravitational acceleration of the earth* h = height above earths surface (in meters)* v = velocity (in meters/sec)From the equation, you can see that as height increases, velocity will also increase and vice versa. As the velocity increases there will be more air resistance but the frictional force against the dynamic trolley will remain the same, therefore the resistive forces will not be enough to counteract the increase in speed.I also think that the velocity will increase when the distance that the trolley has to travel is increased. Air resistance and the frictional forces against the trolley will increase.Apparatus:* Clamp* Inclined plane* Stand* Foam barrier* Lig ht gate* Data harvester* Dynamic trolleyApparatus Diagram:Method:In this experiment I aim to find out how height and distance affect velocity. I shall do this by setting up an experiment involving a light gate and a dynamic trolley. The light gate is a more accurate method of measuring the time it takes the trolley to travel a certain distance, than using a timer/stop watch. To keep the experiment as fair as possible, I will only change one variable at a time. Each experiment will be repeated three times and an average result will be calculated to obtain more accurate data.For the first part of the experiment I will only vary the height, by clamping the inclined plane higher. I will release the dynamic trolley at the same point each time on the inclined plane. The same trolley will be used for each experiment so that the mass is kept constant and therefore is not a variable.For the second part of the experiment I will vary the distance that the dynamic trolley has to travel by movin g the light gate to different points along the plane.Safety:There are a few safety precautions that need to be taken to make sure that the trolley does not break or cause any injuries. Placing a foam barrier at the bottom of the ramp should absorb the impact of the trolley and dissipate any harmful forces. Another precaution is making sure that the apparatus is securely placed so that it does not unintentionally fall and cause injury.Results:Table 1: showing the velocity of the trolley at different heights.Height (m)sinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Velocity1 (m/s)Velocity2 (m/s)Velocity3 (m/s)Average Velocity (m/s)Velocityà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (mà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)0.100.0561.0731.0891.0891.0841.1740.150.0831.4461.4391.4431.4432.0810.200.1111.6551.6691.6751.6662.7770.250.1392.0132.0212.0082.0144.0560.300.1672.1232.1042.1032.114.4520.350.1942.3132.3072.292.3035.3050.400.2222.442.4342.4472.445.955sinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ was calculated by: (opposite/hypotenuse)= (height/1.8)Table 2: shows the velocity of the trolley when travelling different distances.Length (m)Velocity1 (m/s)Velocity2 (m/s)Velocity3 (m/s)Average Velocity (m/s)0.20.7980.7840.7780.7870.40.9820.9740.9680.9750.61.1431.1491.141.1440.81.2731.281.2771.27711.4021.4091.4111.4071.21.6331.6271.6311.631.41.5691.5981.5691.5791.61.5731.5751.5761.5751.81.661.6791.6711.67Analysis:Graph 1: the relationship of the velocity squared (và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) of the trolley with the height of the plane.Graph 2: the relationship of the velocity squared of the trolley when the height of the plane is changed.Graph 3: shows how the velocity of the trolley is affected by the distance travelled.Evaluation:Graph 1 shows that the velocity squared (và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) increases as the height of the ramp increases and therefore my hypothesis is proved correct. This can be explained by the principle of conservation of energy which states that energy cannot neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed into other forms. At the top of the ramp, the t rolley has gravitational potential energy (GPE) which is converted into kinetic energy as the trolley travels down the slope. However, as according to the principle of the conservation of energy, no energy is wasted, the potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy. Potential energy (PE) is energy due to position and kinetic energy (KE) is energy due to motion. The higher the trolley is, i.e. the greater the height of the ramp, the greater potential energy it has and therefore the more energy can be converted to kinetic energy when the trolley moves.Potential energy therefore equals kinetic energy:GPE = KEGPE = mghKE = 1/2mvà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1/2mvà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = mgh orvà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 2ghSo, as the height increases there is a linear increase in the velocity. và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 2gh obeys the equation of a straight line (y=mx + c), and therefore the line of best fit drawn on graph 1 shows the gradient to be equal to 2g, which is 14.67. Therefore g is equal to 7.335. (g is not 9.81 m/s2 beca use of resistive forces)The line should pass through the coordinates (0,0), because when height is 0, và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ will also be 0.và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 2gh (2)(7.335)(0) = 0The conservation of energy assumes that no energy is wasted; however, in reality some energy is lost, as heat and sound energy. This is why all the points that are plotted in the graph do not fall exactly on a straight line.Graph 2 shows velocity squared (và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) against Sinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Like graph 1, graph 2 also has a linear relationship. This is because:và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 2ghsinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = opposite (height)/ hypotenuse (1.8m) thereforeh = 1.8sinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 2g(1.8 sinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 3.6gsinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Therefore sinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ increases with velocity.và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 3.6gsinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (this is the equation of the line on graph 2). This obeys the equation of a straight line (y=mx + c), and therefore the gradient is equal to 3.6g.g should be equal to the one calculated from graph 1 because:From graph 1: và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 2ghFrom graph 2: và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 3.6gsinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½And therefore: 2gh = 3.6gsinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and g is a constantFrom graph 2 I worked out that the gradient is equal to 26.67 (2d.p.) and therefore g is equal to 26.67/3.6 = 7.4. both values are close, they are not completely equal probably due to human error.Graph 3 shows velocity against length of the ramp. As the length increases the velocity also increases but it is not a linear increase, but as the graph shows, a curved one. This is due to terminal velocity.A: Gravitational force is acting on the object with little resistive forces (e.g. friction, air resistance) and so the forces are unbalanced and the velocity is increasing at its greatest rate. Thus, the line on the graph is at its steepest.B: The resistive forces are increasing but the forces are still unbalanced and so the velocity increases but not as much as in A. Therefore the curve is not as steep now.C: The forward force is equal t o the resistive force and so the velocity does not increase but stays constant, and a plateau is reached as shown on the graph. This is terminal velocity.When the distance is short, the major force is the gravitational pull and forces are unbalanced. As the length increases, Newtons 1st law comes into place: when an object stays at rest or moves at a constant velocity, there must be balanced forces.From graph 3, I can see that the terminal velocity isImprovements:There are many ways in which my project could have been improved. I could have:* Taken more than three readings; this would have made the accuracy of the data much more reliable.* Used larger range of heights and distance, this could have shown me whether the trend I got from the graphs continued and so forth, the results and graphs would have been more accurate.* In this experiment, the height and length were changed by 0.05m and 0.2m respectively. The accuracy of the results could be improved by implementing smaller chang es in the height and length of the slope.* A more uniform ramp could have been used to decrease frictional forces against the trolley.Conclusion:From the results and my analysis of them, I can conclude that when one variable changes, it will effect other variables, depending on what the relationship is between the two variables. In the lab when the:* frictional coefficient increases, the acceleration decreases.* height of the slope increases, the potential energy of the trolley increases.* angle of the incline increases, the velocity increases.* distance travelled increases, the velocity also increases but only until the forces become balanced, which then results in constant velocity.

The Devil, Part Two

The Devil, Part Two The Devil, Part Two The Devil, Part Two By Maeve Maddox A note from Stephen Thom has recalled me to a post that I wrote in May: Speak of the Devil! Maeve, I might suggest double-checking the printers devil expression. Â  It was my understanding that the term referred to the compartmentalized wooden tray that holds all the little metal letter stamps used in a printing press. Â  If that tray got tipped over and the letters spilled the printer would need hours and hours reorganizing the tray (having a devil of a time in the process). Â   This was told to me when my grade-school class trip visited a recreated colonial American village; the man working the old-time printing press told us that was where the term printers devil came from. I know from experience what a devil of a job it is to sort out pied type, i.e., moveable type that has been mixed up. I had the happy fortune to work in a letterpress print shop as an undergraduate. I wasnt allowed near the huge rotary press or the hot linotype machine, but I set type for headlines using a composing stick, and printed my own stationery on the little platen press. I was also called a devil by the elderly shop manager. It was a sad day when we got our first offset machine and saw the beginning of the end. The compartmentalized wooden tray is called a type case. Theres an upper case that holds the capital letters, and a lower case that holds the small letters. Yep, thats where we get the terms uppercase and lowercase. The small letters are placed in the lower case because theyre the ones most used and the lower case is easier to reach. One of my least favorite jobs was going through the compartments looking for pied type. The etymology for printers devil offered by the man in the colonial village is one Ive not been able to find in any printed reference Ive consulted. Heres the entry in Brewers Dictionary of Phrase Fable: A printers devil. A printers message boy; formerly, the boy who took the printed sheets from the tympan of the press. Moxon says (1683): They do commonly so black and bedaub themselves that the workmen do jocosely call them devils. One of my favorite reference books is an 1898 edition of Brewers The Readers Handbook that I acquired years ago in England. This fat little red book is now broken in two from the use its had from me. I learned only recently that the erudite old gentleman also produced a Dictionary of Phrase Fable that first appeared in 1870. The 80 or so devil references in my library copy of the Dictionarys eighth edition cover four closely-printed two-column pages. The devil only knows how many more devil expressions are in the seventeenth edition that I just ordered for myself. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowAnyone vs. EveryoneAffect vs. Effect

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 135

Summary - Essay Example In the past the business of the company was greatly dependent on Corn Flakes and Rice Krispies. The company considers such dependence to be not very perspective at the same time as business connected with snacks is not very prestigious according to the heads of the company. This attempt to get rid of the dependency on mainstay cereal business was the second after buying Keebler in 2000. According to Kelloggs chief executive John A. Bryant, the potential for increased scale in Europe and a good entry point into snacking in Asia and Latin America (Merced, 2012). Kellogg  is an international company, which operates in 18 countries. It is a multinational company, which adapts to the customers with different cultural backgrounds. The same can be stated about human resource management that has to adapt to the employees from different countries and be very flexible taking into account cultural differences. De la Merced, M. J. (2012, February 16). Dealbook; Kellogg to buy Pringles for $2.7 billion in cash deal. The Ney York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2014 from

EPI in MRI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EPI in MRI - Essay Example Notably, the boundaries existing between fat and compact bone are affected by the rapid de-phasing of the transverse magnetic field as well as distorts the signal. Resultantly, this leads to the wrong positioning of the frequency in the phase direction. K-space line is another parameter that could be optimized so as to change the EPI. A shift in the k-space line from its normal line leads to geometric distortion (Amin & Afzal, 2009, p.232). Such a shift may be resulting from field in-homogeneities. However, this artefact is reduced by spin echo sequences, which do rephrase the spins each time a 180-degree pulse is applied. On the other hand, gradient echo structures of the refocusing of the artefact. Undeniably, EPI makes use of a gradient echo sequence, thus leading to the accumulation of the effect with no radiofrequency (RF) pulse to correct the same. It is worth noting that any accumulation of errors arising from phase encoding will be wrongly registered, thus exposing EPI to thi s artefact. In the event that the duration of the EPI trajectory if considerably long, the EPI itself gets to be affected even by small field in-homogeneities (Ye et al, 1996, p.219). Change in the parameter can be so achieved through increasing the bandwidth. Such an action will lead to a reduction in the echo time (TE). So as to realize more ramp sampling, the dwell time can be increased. In optimizing EPI, the frequency of the phase encoding can be increased using a zero filling. The end result of this is an increase in resolution. On the other hand, TE can be increased so as to increase the transverse magnetization, thus giving a greater T2 and T2*. Moreover, a gradient with a relatively high performance can be used in optimising EPI (Ye et al, 1996, p.220). Bandwidth represents the frequency range resulting from the already read gradient across the field-of-view (FOV). This measure is quite imperative in the determination the

Nicene Creed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nicene Creed - Essay Example This shows that despite Christianity being viewed as a religion of many denominations, the concept behind Christology is one and the same. This is a very important aspect of Christianity as it ensures that Christology is defined in a similar manner by the various denominations that are under Christianity. The creed achieves this because it contains significant and fundamental statements that form the very basis of the existence of Christianity. The Nicene Creed is divided into 12 sections. Though there is a controversy in regards to the filioque clause, the creed is generally accepted by the major branches of Christendom. The implication of this is that how the major branches of Christendom define Christianity will be similar and as result the definition of Christianity cannot differ. The Nicene Creed therefore forms a basis for a uniform definition of Christology by various branches of the church. I believe in the Nicene Creed as it restates the very fundamental beliefs which are the pillars of Christianity in general. It is worth noting that the Eastern Church only disagrees with part of this creed and generally it is in agreement with most of the statements in the creed. Though the Creed caused a rift between the Eastern and Western church, it has since then held the Western church in unity. I am in agreement that the Nicene Creed may have changed the importance of the Christology of the Eastern Church. The Western Church is more prominent and maybe the Eastern would have equally enjoyed the same status had it not disagreed with part of the Nicene Creed. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the Nicene Creed still plays a crucial role in pointing out the pillars of Christianity and that is very important for both the Eastern and Western

I want an A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I want an A - Essay Example Respect is crucial in the relationships that people form since it will help them treat each other in proper ways. I think that sleeping in corridors does not show a respect to people. University is not a place for sleeping but rather it is a place for students to read and learn from their professors and their fellow students. It is wrong to sleep while some students are looking for place to study in their break time.Lastweek on Tuesday I came to north classrooms 2 hours before my class because I wanted to study, I could not find a place to study because of those students who sleep. They had filled all the spots that students use to study and I could not get a place to study. In my opinion, I think it is rude to sleep on the school corridors or any other place that is not designated for sleeping, and this scenario needs to be corrected. As students, we have to pay attention to our professors so that we can understand and learn from what they teach us. This in return guarantees good grades since the students will grasp everything the professors teach. However, some students have made listening a problem by engaging in activities such as eating food with strong smell in class. This makes other students not to be attentive in class since the strong smells reduce the levels of attention. Smell from food distracts the focus that students have hence they are not able to get what the professors teach. Since the university gives students a fifteen minutes break, rather than eating food in class, students should utilize this time to eat the food they carried to school. This will play a significant role in improving the attentiveness of students hence this will improve student’s grades. People should wear descent clothes in public places so that they are able to relate to other people and be treated with respect. Wearing sleepwear to school shows some levels of carelessness and

Shoplifting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shoplifting - Essay Example The suspect is an alcoholic, unemployed, with no food in his house, leaves in filthy conditions and is a serial shoplifter which he admits to do it again to fund his alcoholism. From the labeling theory perspective, the initial act of shoplifting is normal and it is the interaction with those respond to it that causes deviance. Shoplifting is brought to the notice of police only after it is detected by the staff of shop, detective or public. In Gibben's study of shoplifting from the statistics of "Larceny from Shops and stalls" of 1935-1960, it was showed that the number fluctuated between 1949 and 1955 but have subsequently increased by substantial portions; and from the information presented, he argued that with both adults and children, the numbers are largely dependent upon the arresting and charging policy of the shops and there have been changes in policy between 1949 and 1959 in particular instances.(NG Wai Yee, nd:40-51)2 The suspect admits that he will continue with his practice as it would be difficult to regain his identity and sense of self efficacy. The suspects inclusion in the society will be further outlawed leading to social exclusion which in turn will lead to more incidents of shoplifting and may be other adverse crimes to support his livelihood. Relying on the strain theory, it is evident that suspect has indulged in such acts just because of addiction towards alcoholic materials, which he has admitted.3 From the society's and community's perspective which does not support or provide support to such accused, he should be present before the court as it may do no world of good to him by not confining him. According to Charles A. Sennewald, the only person who can arrest the suspect is the one who has seen it actually happening. The process of 'stop' is to impede or interrupt the customer by the staff to inquire about the transaction and extract a satisfactory explanation. Detention occurs based only on probable cause and the duration is used to investigate the circumstances of the event in which the act has happened. Thereafter is the suspect admits his crime, its up to the manager to call the police who makes an official arrest and the case is transferred from private affair to criminal justice system.4 In some cases, manager can let go the suspect sometimes by taking back the lifted goods or by imposing fines on the lifted goods, etc. In some cases, the staff or manager tend to show sympathy towards such unhappy, unemployed, alcoholic addicted person who has make his livelihood through such felony. But again, such acts may encourage him to commit such crimes again and again which ma y tamper the reputation and costs of the stores and retail shops and other malls, etc. Peter Honey and Alan Mumford developed their learning styles system as a variation on the Kolb model while working on a project for the Chloride Corporation in the 1970's. The stages originated from the work of David Kolb's Learning Styles. The first stage is to have an experience, wherein people use other people's work and rely on their analysis. This style is similar to that of Accommodating Stage where people prefer to work in teams to complete tasks and actively work in the field trying different ways to achieve target. Honey and